Physical energy flow accounts record energy flows, in tera joules (TJ), from the environment to the economy (energy supply from natural sources), within the economy (products), and from the economy back to the environment (residues). Physical energy flow accounts provide information on energy flows distributed in a way that is fully compatible with the concepts, principles and classifications of national accounts.
In 2024, the amount of total available energy was 2 062 138TJ, which is by 2.3% less than in the previous year. The largest share of energy in total energy flows was noted in products, 49.1%, followed by residues, 32.2% and natural energy inputs, with the share of 18.7%.
The largest amount of energy in 2024 was provided by sectors of economic activities 1,187,755 TJ (57.6%). Households provided 163,969 TJ (8%), and imports accounted for 15.6% (332,096 TJ) of energy supply. 384,736 TJ (18.7%) were provided from the environment, and accumulation amounted to 3,582 TJ (0.2%).
Compared to the year 2023, the sectors of economic activities provided 2.6% less energy for supply as well as household by 0.4% and imports by 2.6%. 2.9% less energy was used from the environment for supply mostly from fossil fuels and renewable energy sources than the previous year, and accumulation were significanty greater than in 2023.
In 2024, the sectors of economic activities and households used energy in the amount of 1,187,755 TJ, i.e. 163,969 TJ. Energy exports amounted to 55,215 TJ. The flow of energy from the economy to the environment amounted to 636,848 TJ, and accumulation amounted to 18,545 TJ.
The sectors of economic activity used 2.6% less energy, households 0.4%, while exports (electricity, other petroleum products) decrease by 1.9%, compared to 2023. The flow of energy from the economy to environment was remined unchanged and accumulation was by 44.2% less than the previous year.
Table 1. Total available energy
| 2023 | 2024 | 2024/2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TJ | Index | ||
| Total | 2111669 | 2062138 | 97.7 |
| Natural energy inputs | 396153 | 384736 | 97.1 |
| Energy products | 1055196 | 1012679 | 96.0 |
| Energy residuals | 660321 | 664722 | 100.7 |
Table 2. Total supply and use of energy by activity categories and flows
| 2023 | 2024 | 2024/2023 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TJ | Index | |||
| Total | 2111669 | 2062138 | 97.7 | |
| Energy flows over all activities | Supply | 1219914 | 1187755 | 97.4 |
| Use | 1219914 | 1187755 | 97.4 | |
| Households, consumers | Supply | 164654 | 163969 | 99.6 |
| Use | 164654 | 163969 | 99.6 | |
| Changes in inventories and produced assets | Supply | 255 | 3582 | 1404.7 |
| Use | 33207 | 18545 | 55.8 | |
| Economic activities of the rest of the world | Supply | 330694 | 322096 | 97.4 |
| Use | 56256 | 55215 | 98.1 | |
| Environment | Supply | 396153 | 384736 | 97.1 |
| Use | 636835 | 636848 | 100.0 | |
| Statistical discrepancy between supply and use of energy for total activities | Supply | - | - | - |
| Use | 803 | -194 | -24.2 | |
Methodological explanation
According to the central framework of the system of environmental economic accounts, the basis of the measurement of physical flows are the flows of natural inputs, products and residues.
Natural inputs refer to physical flows from the environment into the economy. The central framework of the environmental economic accounts system defines natural inputs as all physical inputs that are, as part of economic production processes, taken from the environment or directly used in production. They can be inputs of natural resources, such as mineral and energy resources, wood resources; inputs from renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, or other natural inputs.
NATURAL ENERGY INPUTS
- Fossil inputs from non-renewable energy sources
- Inputs from renewable water energy sources
- Inputs from renewable wind energy sources
- Inputs from renewable solar energy sources
- Biomass inputs from renewable energy sources
Products mean all goods and services created within production, as well as imports and exports.
PRODUCTS
- Hard coal
- Lignite and peat
- Processed gases
- Coal processing (coke, coal tar, hard coal briquettes, brown coal briquettes and peat products)
- Crude oil, natural gas liquids and other hydrocarbons, including oil shale
- Natural gas
- Motor fuel
- Fuel for jet engines of the kerosene type
- Oil
- Diesel for transport
- Heating fuel and other gas oils
- Residues of fuel oil
- Refinery gas, ethane and liquid petroleum gas
- Other petroleum products, including additives/oxygens and refined base feedstock
- Nuclear fuel
- Wood, wood waste and other solid biomass
- Liquid bio-fuels
- Bio-gas
- Electricity
Residuals refers to flows of solid, liquid and gaseous materials and energy that are discarded, released or emitted into the environment.
WASTE
- Renewable waste
- Non-renewable waste
- All energy losses (during exploitation, distribution, storage and transformation)
- Energy embedded in products for non-energy use
Tables of supply and use expressed in physical units provide an accounting framework that enables complete and consistent monitoring of physical flows (material and energy) from the environment to the economy, within the economy and from the economy to the environment.
The physical supply table shows energy flows according to origin, i.e. who is the producer (economic activities, households, stocks, foreign exchange and supply from the environment).
The physical use table shows energy flows according to their destination, i.e. shows who uses or receives the corresponding physical flow (production, consumption, stocks). In this way, each energy flow is displayed twice: at the beginning and at the end of its destination.